New research shows particles can act faster in crowds

Research from Leiden University shows that particles can actually accelerate when closely packed together.

New discovery reveals particles can speed up in crowds

Physicists from Leiden University have uncovered a remarkable new state of matter where particles enhance their movement instead of slowing down when they are in close proximity. Their research, published in Nature Physics, contradicts what we typically observe with crowds. Instead of hindering movement, tightly packed particles, like one-millimeter metal beads, can actually pass energy among themselves during elastic collisions, creating a phenomenon known as an 'active gas' state. In experiments, these beads, without the ability to move on their own, became highly dynamic when numerous beads were introduced, transitioning from a stationary state to one filled with chaotic motion. This curious behavior allows researchers to control the collective activity of the particles through precise manipulation of electric fields, resulting in structures resembling gas, liquid, and crystal states.

This discovery challenges long-standing assumptions about particle dynamics in crowded environments. Traditionally, we expect more particles to lead to more chaos and slower movement, similar to cars in a jam. However, the Leiden team's findings suggest that there are unknown mechanisms of particle interaction that can lead to increased activity in certain conditions. This insight could have implications beyond physics, potentially influencing material science and biological applications where control over particle behavior is vital. As researchers begin to harness these principles, we may anticipate advancements in smart materials that can adapt and respond dynamically to their environments.

Highlights

As this research progresses, it stands to reshape how we think about particle dynamics and its applications.