CAR NK therapy shows promise for autoimmune diseases

A new treatment using natural killer cells aims to curb autoimmune diseases by targeting the cells that fuel harmful antibodies.

CAR NK therapy offers targeted hope for autoimmune diseases

A new therapy uses natural killer cells to destroy rogue immune cells that produce faulty antibodies in autoimmune diseases. Early findings from lupus patients and other conditions suggest symptoms improve and the immune system may reset, potentially offering longer relief than current treatments. In the UK, about four million people live with an autoimmune condition, according to a major Lancet study. Unlike some existing therapies, this approach could reduce the need for long term steroids and immunosuppressants that carry infection and cancer risks. The technology, CAR NK, places an artificial receptor into NK cells to hunt the cells that drive disease. Because NK cells can be made in bulk from donor sources and frozen for later use, manufacturing could be cheaper and faster than CAR T cell therapies. Results from lupus patients show improvements with no serious side effects reported so far, and a rare systemic sclerosis case showed tissue around blood vessels returning toward normal. Experts say the approach could transform care if larger trials confirm safety and durability.

The development signals a potential shift from lifelong suppression of the immune system to targeted, one or few course therapies. If durable, CAR NK could lower treatment costs and widen access, especially in systems pressed by chronic autoimmune burdens. Yet the field is in early stages. Small patient numbers, limited long term data, and the need for robust regulatory oversight pose real risks of hype outpacing evidence. Critics warn against premature adoption, while advocates emphasize the need for clear timelines and patient-centered outcomes. The promise rests on balancing innovation with practicality—ensuring safety, equity, and realistic expectations for patients who may live with these diseases for decades.

Highlights

Progress will depend on rigorous trials and transparent reporting.